Tuesday, December 22, 2009

Does refined coconut oil have the same health benefits as virgin coconut oil?

There is one brand of organic refined coconut oil that I really like the taste and it said that it's naturally refined. Does it have the same health benefits as virgin coconut oil?Does refined coconut oil have the same health benefits as virgin coconut oil?
no because refined already passed processing and lost some vital properties
  • dermatologist
  • How many litres of refined sunflower oil in bottles of 1 litre will be in 1 container of 20 feet's?

    Your question does not make sense. Please write it so that it can be understood. Apart from all else, you cannot mix litres (metric) with ';feets'; - (Imperial)How many litres of refined sunflower oil in bottles of 1 litre will be in 1 container of 20 feet's?
    Feet are a measurement of length.


    But if you mean cubic feet then 20cubic feet equate to about 566.3litresHow many litres of refined sunflower oil in bottles of 1 litre will be in 1 container of 20 feet's?
    Liquids are not usually measured in feet. Can you rephrase this question?

    How is oil refined into petrol?

    through a process called fractional distillation,, oil is heated in a chamber and different products r taken out at diff temp........How is oil refined into petrol?
    Distillation, some atmospherically, heavier cuts, under vacuumHow is oil refined into petrol?
    Fractional distillation.





    Do your own homework ;-)
    http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/c鈥?/a>
    just go on to : http://www.bnp.org.uk/peakoil/science.ht鈥?/a>


    it will tell you all you need to know if you want a long answer BUT A QUICK ANSWER IS Distillation! :)
    Distillation

    What are three effects to environment of fractional distillation to refine oil?

    that is basically what is done.dioxane (luv canal )had quit an effect sulfur compounds SO2 for instance are very prolific by-products,if I may.,the by prods. of use of even hyper-distilled petroleum are very toxic.

    Is refined coconut oil still good for your hair?

    I have bought refined coconut oil. Is it still good for my hair? I don't want to use it for cooking, just for my hair as a treatment and maybe also for my face.Is refined coconut oil still good for your hair?
    It should be fine for the hair. you can get more info on it on coconut oil.com. but you should try the virgin coconut oil for skin moisturizing and consumption. taking 1 table spoon a day of coconut oil is actually really good for you, it's a natural antibiotic. its also the only oil that can be used for practically everything hair, skin, nails and cooking.Is refined coconut oil still good for your hair?
    Why??? There is no magic property to coconut oil that makes it any better for skin than plain old vegetable oil.

    Refining oil?

    I'm not against off-shore drilling for oil. I just wondered if we have the facilities to refine it.Refining oil?
    We need to build refineries at the same time as we drill for more oil. The refineries we have now are running at about 85% capacity. When they try to run much higher than that there are increased breakdowns and repair time and expenses. Despite everything you hear about how many years it will be before we see the effects of new drilling the oil companies say new oil fields can be developed and producing in about three years. Construction of a new refinery would take about the same time. What are we waiting for? Lets start building.Refining oil?
    An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosine, and liquefied petroleum gas.[1][2] Oil refineries are typically large sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units.





    Google to the site below and I hope you will find the information that you are looking for.
    yes 33 states in the USA have oil refineries


    heres a link for you check out

    Can Vegetable Oil Be Refined And Used To Run A Car?

    I've been able to find info on the internet about biodiesel for use in diesel engines, but I was curious if anyone knew if vegetable or corn oil could be refined in any way and used as a fuel for an unleaded car engine.Can Vegetable Oil Be Refined And Used To Run A Car?
    Wncan47, the person was asking about FUEL, not lubricants. Corn is mostly used in the states to make ethanol, some stations use 10 percent in gas, which all vehicles can use. The highest is e85. 85 percent ethanol, for use in flex fuel vehicles.... note Brazil makes they're from sugar cane. A diesel can be converted to run off straight cooking oil (veg oil, canola, etc. that's used in frying) OR the oil can be converted through a bunch of processes to be turned into bio diesel. Which can be used without conversion (you may see diesel pumps, and then bio diesel pumps at gas stations)Can Vegetable Oil Be Refined And Used To Run A Car?
    It can be used, essentially as is, in a diesel engine or cracked to lighter hydrocarbons for a ';gas'; engine, if you wanted to.
    YEAH
    not for unleaded or leaded fuel engines. vegetable oil is too thin to use in a lawnmower. 30 weight oil is best in a mower but i use a synthetic oil in all my car engines.a 10w40 which is great in all weather the numbers are for viscosity which is the thickness of oil.i dont have to change my oil every 3k either its 5k now but i check the level about 1500 miles.you may have found a corn oil that has an additive to beef up the thickness but pure vegetable just will not work. its too thin.diesels are hotter runnig engines and you need a thicker oil just to lube all those hot parts
    yes it can...you have to get your car configured to run this
    Yes. It has been done and could be done for all car owners in the future but the oil companies I feel sure will find a way for it not to be used as a major source of fuel.
    Yes you can. You can also use canola oil, soy, olive oil, peanut oil, and lard.
    not for an unleaded engine, but used oil from restaurants can be used in deisel engines. it smells like french fries going down the road!
    yes it can. with a v6, it came out to be 1400 MPG from one acre of land.
  • dermatologist
  • How can you tell if an oil is refined or not?

    Like sesame, soy, or corn oil?How can you tell if an oil is refined or not?
    If oil is freeze it means the impurities are present in the oil and it is not refined.


    Refine oil doesn't freezeHow can you tell if an oil is refined or not?
    It should be cold-pressed and it should say so on the container.

    I have a report on Oil&Gas Refining Process and I need some.............?

    topics on what to write about. I already have the introductory paragraph and I have to write 2 pages worth of information.


    HELP! PLEASE?!





    Thank you if you helped!!!!I have a report on Oil%26amp;Gas Refining Process and I need some.............?
    Heres some info.I have a report on Oil%26amp;Gas Refining Process and I need some.............?
    Topics:





    The Origin of Oil and Gas.


    Production and Separation.


    Basic Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil.


    Crude Oil Products.


    Gas Dehydration and Sweetening Processes.

    What is the process of refining of vegetable oil?

    You use a strainer and the vegetable stay in it and the oil goes in the container! lolWhat is the process of refining of vegetable oil?
    Activated charcoal is used to remove odoriferous compounds and unwanted colouring.

    Can I use refined oil which was used for deep frying? Will there be any unwanted chemical reaction?

    For what? Another recipe? Your car? Maintaining your bicycle?





    If you mean a recipe, yes you can; although I would not use it more than once after the original purpose. Strain it and heat gently.Can I use refined oil which was used for deep frying? Will there be any unwanted chemical reaction?
    was it commercially refined..??


    Does it have a nutritional fact label??





    how would there be a chemical thinigy?


    You tell us I have never seen such a thing..!!!Can I use refined oil which was used for deep frying? Will there be any unwanted chemical reaction?
    do you mean previously used oil?





    I've seen people do it. If that is what you mean.

    What are all the products get when refining crude oil?

    Petroleum gas


    Naphtha


    Gasoline


    Kerosene


    Diesel


    Lubricating oil


    Fuel oil


    Residuals tars, waxes, cokeWhat are all the products get when refining crude oil?
    The type of products vary as per the requirements as umpteen products could be drawn out. as these are hydrocarbons - from the lightest to the heaviiest.





    The end products are coke(450degC+) before quenched and tar. In between there are methane/propane combination, atomatics and other petrochemicals like Xylenes, Touluene, Benzynes, hydrogen as a bye/waste product etc. Thus the products are endlessWhat are all the products get when refining crude oil?
    petrol diesel,lpg,vaseline,charcol,fillers,kero鈥?above all money hahahah
    many more products.

    What produces more emissions when burned crude oil or refined oil?

    crude oil, 颅Crude oil is the term for ';unprocessed'; oil which is decaying plants and animals. Crude oils are a useful starting point for so many different substances that involve refined oil such as gas and such.What produces more emissions when burned crude oil or refined oil?
    Crude.
  • dermatologist
  • How much oil is refined for fuel in US vs oil used in chemical industry to make plastics, etc?

    Compare barrels of crude oil used by refineries (to make fuel) vs. amount used by Chemical Industry for making polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. (materials used to make plastics for example) in the United States.How much oil is refined for fuel in US vs oil used in chemical industry to make plastics, etc?
    Unlike many other countries, the USA tends to burn most of the available processed petroleum as fuel. Keep in mind that the USA is consuming almost 25 percent of the world's petroleum each year.





    Rather than give you arbitrary figures, take a look at the data provided by the Energy Information Administration at the site below:

    How will President Obama increase oil refining capacity?

    Commander In Chief has his finger on the nuclear launch button of the most powerful nation on earth. The President has executive order powers. With a stroke of the pen he can order refineries built. Lots of closed military bases could be used, they're everywhere.





    Plenty of money for guns and butter, but will the Democrats use the savings from ending Iraq to build refineries?





    Everyone has been blaming Bush's oil buddies for not making this happen, or the environmentalists. Will President Obama use his power to overcome this shortage of refining capacity? Isn't this a National emergency?





    Ok, I'm being a little joking here but this is a serious question.How will President Obama increase oil refining capacity?
    He can't make a decision on that. What we need to do is revamp Nikola Tesla invention of Free Energy and get things in motion around that.How will President Obama increase oil refining capacity?
    All of the leases, permits, etc can be given away to oil companies....





    They still have to want to build and drill. They don't. There is a case in Alaska right now where the Alaskan Govt is trying to revoke the leases to Exxon-MObil, Chevron, BP and others for not drilling in 30 years.





    These oil companies are fighting them in court and after the first round, with oil co's losing and appealing, they came out with a ';drilling plan'; that will trickle into the market in 10 years.....Which has been soundly rejected by Alaskan Govt.





    The oil companies don't want to increase supply, it will only mitigate demand and lower prices.
    he wont need to, when Iran dosent fear a war they will be more generous with their prices , not having to invest so much in their own military infastructure.





    BTW I dont think here in the US we have any goverment run refineries, do you suggest we allow for a bigger goverment in this instance? perhaps we can reinvest in education, once we are saving money not being in war.





    Bush's oil buddies ? oh you mean Saudi Arabia the country 19 9-11 hijackers came from but we still dont invade, sanction, but instead pay for our oil addiction? those buddies, yeah, they cool.





    I'm guessing the 86 million barrrels of oil a day we will not be using in war will cut demand %26amp; price at the pump. This is assuming THE WAR ENDS %26amp; DOSENT GROW.
    The US government does not build refineries because our oil industry is not nationalized. The oil companies do. The oil companies are building their first refinery in 25 years in SD. It's not the governments role to impede in the free market, that is, unless you are a socialist.
    First of all, being President is not being King, the President is very limited on what he can do with executive powers. Congress hasn't approved a new refinery in 30 years because no one wants it in their backyard.
    lol lol lol lol u said it right!2be honest with yall he dont care abouted us he care what had happend in the past!he wont stop the gas go high he gonna care what had happend in the past!another word payback time people and yall want him 4 the presdient whats wrong with yall!
    I have not heard that he has offered any plan to either increase petroleum production or refining capacity. All he has offered so far is higher taxes -- which will make fuel even more expensive than it is now.
    Obama is strongly against drilling so why would he increase refineries, use your head. The man is an empty suit and will literally destroy this Nation with his Marxist agenda.
    If America was a dictatorship then perhaps the president could order refineries built with the stroke of a pen...
    Obama is NOT President!!!!!!!!
    Give up his SUV
    obama smart as anything. i bet he find a new way to make yalls gas give you 300 miles on one gallon

    What is the best way to refine oil?

    i think there is 2 way.chemical and heating.what is the best?What is the best way to refine oil?
    Companies like Exxon, Shell and all the rest have been looking for this for 150 years. What sort of oil? Saudi Arabian? Texas? California? North Sea? Bass Strait? All these oil provinces produce different types of crude petroleum.





    Then of course there are the original oils like olive oil, colza, fish oil and so forth which are all refined to some extent before sale, generally only by washing with clean water, drying, filtration and perhaps passage through charcoal.





    There is no simple answer to this question. Not even a few simple answers. For petroleum, start with distillation under vacuum, then thermal or catalytic cracking of the heavy fraction, maybe reforming some of the lighter products. Every refinery will be built to produce a particular range of products from a small range of different inputs.What is the best way to refine oil?
    The best way to refine oil would be distillation, they use a method of Fractional Distillation to break down crude oil into its different components.


    you can look up fractional distillation on google..
    distillation!!!!
    Send it to a barrage of finishing schools
    There is no particular ';best way';. it depends wat ur after. if ur after shorter chain carbons then go for catalytic craking. if u want to break the oil down completly then go for steam craking. Catayltic craking uses zeolites (aluminiosilicates) to speed up the process, and abt 500 degrees celcius, it breaks up the bonds up. steam craking is sending the oil through pipes and heating it so that it ALL breaks down. so depends wat ur after

    Why was a taker transiting refined oil to the Middle East?

    Why doesn't OPEC and the Middle East refine their own petrol? Why was a taker transiting refined oil to the Middle East?
    As I understand it, because of the ';threat of terrorism';, the US government does not use ';local oil'; for at least some sectors of the US military, but rather imports oil ~ usually from imported sources ~ ! This is perhaps the most blatant silliness type ';bilk'; in the US Arms procurement system. But at 20+ million a pop, would you risk engine troubles you could avoid on your jets? Why was a taker transiting refined oil to the Middle East?
    Any knuckle dragging ape can pull oil out of the ground, but refining it takes a little bit of brains.



    Why Malaysia government only selling crude oil oversea and never try to refine oil in Malaysia ?

    What are the reasons Malaysia government never try to refine oil in Malaysia but export directly to oversea ?


    Why refineries are not set in Malaysia but set oversea ?Why Malaysia government only selling crude oil oversea and never try to refine oil in Malaysia ?
    probably they do not want to make the necessary investment required to process the oil when they can make money exporting directly. many third world countries rely on raw material exports to sustain their economies.

    What are different types of oil production?How is it different from refining?

    There are many different ways to produce oil. We are reaching peak oil and there will be a depression so there needs to be other ways to produce it since our economy is based on oil. You can basically refine oil, use coal, tar sands, oil shale, uranium, and hydrogen. Coal can be used because it is less expensive per unit of energy. It is bad because it causes killer smog, acid rain, atmospheric carbon dioxide, mercury pollution, acid mine drainage, and a choice between hazardous underground mines and surface-disturbing open-pit mines. Tar sands come from the products of oil, by both natural and artificial processing. Oil shale is a immature source rock for petroleum, but one that has never been hot enough to enter the oil window. There is a reason to try this method: In round numbers, one ton of good oil shale will generate one barrel of oil. At $25 per barrel of oil, that's $25 per ton of rock. Generating electricity form uranium does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. To the extent that nuclear facilities are someday accepted, we have the uranium. We have an existing body of engineering experience. Hydrogen is not a fuel that comes from the earth. However it has been widely discussed as a cure for the world's energy problems. Using electricity to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen. There are many choices that we have, but the strait facts are that we will reach peak oil and there will be a depression.What are different types of oil production?How is it different from refining?
    Hey I was gonna say that! :D





    You can find more about it at the link below and the links at the very beginning of the essay at the site.What are different types of oil production?How is it different from refining?
    Oil can be brought straight up from the ground-the most common way. It can also be extraced from ';oil sands'; like those found in Alberta, or chemically formed from coal deposits. Refining refers to the process by which mixed hydrocarbons (such as those from crude oil) are separated into more purified hydrocarbons. Thus, crude oil can be separated into highly volatile gasoline, diesel, less volatile kerosene, down to oils for lubrication and greases...all from the same crude oil.
  • dermatologist
  • Can china ware plates be ground and used as bleaching earth in phisical palm oil refining?

    Don't know why people feel that they have to post the identical question twice in five minutes . . .





    See my answer to your earlier post.Can china ware plates be ground and used as bleaching earth in phisical palm oil refining?
    your dumb!

    Can china ware plates be ground and used as blaeching earth in phisical palm oil refining?

    Don't know why people feel that they have to post the identical question twice in five minutes . . .





    I'm really not sure if using fired/ground china will be effective for bleaching. First you'd have to know if the clay used in making the plates was appropriate, and then you'd have to know if the firing process altered the critical structures in the clay, rendering them ineffective. And how would glazing and sealing the plates alter the critical properties?





    Certainly would be an interesting experiment to try it out on a small batch . . . and if it didn't work, you wouldn't have lost too much product.Can china ware plates be ground and used as blaeching earth in phisical palm oil refining?
    um huhCan china ware plates be ground and used as blaeching earth in phisical palm oil refining?
    your dumb!

    Need some help with oil refining.?

    Does anyone know the difference between Polymerization, Catalytic Reforming, and Alkylation?





    They all seem to be the same thingNeed some help with oil refining.?
    they are not the same thing.

    How many gallons of gasoline will come from 1 barrell of crude oil after refining?

    A 42-gallon barrel of oil makes about 19.5 gallons of gasoline.

    Oil refining - easy question!?

    Put the fractions in the correct order of increasing boiling point.


    Refinery gas, Fuel oil, Gasoline and Kerosene.


    I don't need an explanation, but giving one would earn you 10 points.Oil refining - easy question!?
    crude oil is refined by fractional distillation. the lowest molecular weight fractions distill first. the heaviest ones last

    How many gallons of gasoline will come from 1 barrell of crude oil after refining?

    A 42-gallon barrel of oil makes about 19.5 gallons of gasoline.
  • dermatologist
  • All about crude oil refining?

    Hi,,,, big question.....





    I work in the oil business,, so here is the readers digest version....





    1st you have to find the oil,, then you have to get it to production sight... (refinery),, then the refinery has to take the crude oil and process is,, with heat and steam and break down the oil to different products,, like gasoline and kerosine,, and different other chemicals...





    Hope this helps some...All about crude oil refining?
    it is refined using fractional distillation, n if u need more! contact soon!

    Oil refining - easy question!?

    Put the fractions in the correct order of increasing boiling point.


    Refinery gas, Fuel oil, Gasoline and Kerosene.


    I don't need an explanation, but giving one would earn you 10 points.Oil refining - easy question!?
    crude oil is refined by fractional distillation. the lowest molecular weight fractions distill first. the heaviest ones last

    Need some help with oil refining.?

    Does anyone know the difference between Polymerization, Catalytic Reforming, and Alkylation?





    They all seem to be the same thingNeed some help with oil refining.?
    they are not the same thing.

    Refining oil for biodiesel question?

    I've seen in magazines where people built their own refinery for making biodiesel. Anyone on here every actually done it? How hard is it to build and maintain? I have a diesel truck and access to all the used cooking oil I want from a local bakery... they only fry donuts in it so it's VERY clean.Refining oil for biodiesel question?
    I personally am gravitating away from bio-diesel. The process for making it is pretty simple but the chemicals used to make it are dangerous and the by products left over from the process just generate another problem ( i.e useless waste products). I will now focus my efforts on refining WVO (waste vegetable oil) and burning it straight...the way Diesel himself did with virgin oil. It's mostly a matter of preheating the oil before introducing it into the engine. The Swedes are already doing this with tractors and have prototypes for automobiles. I hope this helps and, thanks for wanting to do the right thing.Refining oil for biodiesel question?
    Only problem is that it takes more energy to refine the vegetable oil into biodiesel than you get after refining.
    I just made my first batch of biodiesel- it is not hard to do, this was made without a large processor.


    There are many plans on the web to build your own. You will need to be very careful about the ethanol/ methanol and lye, both are very dangerous chemicals, you need to use protective gear.


    Biodiesel- feed a farmer, starve a terrorist!!!!!
    It is not easy as they all say it, but never the less not impossible. The process takes time mastering and requires patience. If you actually are dedicated to this it is possible to setup a plant (it is not a refinery in the actual sense a refinery is a place where they refine that is extract from a crude form here you are actually reacting chemicals to form it there is very little refining happening actually except for the washing) There are a lot of sources on the net having process to do this but my favorite is http://boilkerala.blogspot.com they have videos locations and a lot more information there and more over if you sauced in making it you can let the world know my submitting your own article there.


    Now how to make it you will find that information there.


    how hard it is ... its not hard the fact is it is very simple but even though simple it takes time to perfect.


    Now has anyone done it ? yes i have but no am not ruining my car on it (Indica diesel). Methanol is not that easy to get over here in the quantities required and ethanol is not legal to use over here in kerala so i can make it to run my car. the used oil can be used with no problem but you will have to remove particles etc from it other wise it can lead to bad quality or no diesel at all. Another problem you can face is disposing of the glycerin formed as a result of the process.
    I have done it... it is very easy, you need: methanol (wood alcohol), lye (sodium hydroxide) and waste vegatable oil...


    the equipment is a corrosion ressistant drum, a paint mixer and a heater, and a filter made form any car air filter paper.... total time, about 8 hours, cost per gallon, about 20 cents...
    ';YOU DON'T NEED TO REFINE ANYTHING ANYMORE'; or to go crazy in a LAB.. just get the Kramer additive and you can drive with Mai's-peanut oil or just go to McDonald and get the old oil, use a filter, use Kramer, and have a nice clean drive.


    Or just see: www.santanaeffect.com

    Home heating Oil refining?

    If home heating oil requires less refining then why is it selling for 33% more right now on the market than gasoline. Are they just trying to rip us off since the cost of the barrel has fallen so drastically?Home heating Oil refining?
    supply and demand not much demand so the supply is limit and thus the price is high!!!

    Tell meall about crude oil refining?

    you basically heat up the oil in a tower and as the light end of the oil boils off they raise and condense at diff. levels and are separated, and what is left at the btm are the heavies. each level is used for something different, then a cat. cracker is used to break down the heavies in to something more usable, a lot of energy is used to do this, the gasoline part is more expensive to get the octane level needed and to meet gov. regulations. there is


    a lot more to it than that, check out wikipedia, I'm sure they have something on it.





    P.S. what did rebel's answer do with refining?Tell meall about crude oil refining?
    http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-ref鈥?/a>





    Here's a really good website that gives good explanations along with a diagram. Hope it helps.Tell meall about crude oil refining?
    Locating an oil field is the first obstacle to be overcome. Today, petroleum engineers use instruments such as gravimeters and magnetometers in the search for petroleum. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. Historically, in the USA, some oil fields existed where the oil rose naturally to the surface, but most of these fields have long since been depleted, except for certain remote locations in Alaska. Often many wells (called multilateral wells) are drilled into the same reservoir, to ensure that the extraction rate will be economically viable. Also, some wells (secondary wells) may be used to pump water, steam, acids or various gas mixtures into the reservoir to raise or maintain the reservoir pressure, and so maintain an economic extraction rate.





    If the underground pressure in the oil reservoir is sufficient, then the oil will be forced to the surface under this pressure. Gaseous fuels or natural gas are usually present, which also supply needed underground pressure. In this situation it is sufficient to place a complex arrangement of valves (the Christmas tree) on the well head to connect the well to a pipeline network for storage and processing. This is called primary oil recovery. Usually, only about 20% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted this way.





    Over the lifetime of the well the pressure will fall, and at some point there will be insufficient underground pressure to force the oil to the surface. If economical, and it often is, the remaining oil in the well is extracted using secondary oil recovery methods (see: energy balance and net energy gain). Secondary oil recovery uses various techniques to aid in recovering oil from depleted or low-pressure reservoirs. Sometimes pumps, such as beam pumps and electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), are used to bring the oil to the surface. Other secondary recovery techniques increase the reservoir's pressure by water injection, natural gas reinjection and gas lift, which injects air, carbon dioxide or some other gas into the reservoir. Together, primary and secondary recovery allow 25% to 35% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered.





    Tertiary oil recovery reduces the oil's viscosity to increase oil production. Tertiary recovery is started when secondary oil recovery techniques are no longer enough to sustain production, but only when the oil can still be extracted profitably. This depends on the cost of the extraction method and the current price of crude oil. When prices are high, previously unprofitable wells are brought back into production and when they are low, production is curtailed. Thermally enhanced oil recovery methods (TEOR) are tertiary recovery techniques that heat the oil and make it easier to extract. Steam injection is the most common form of TEOR, and is often done with a cogeneration plant. In this type of cogeneration plant, a gas turbine is used to generate electricity and the waste heat is used to produce steam, which is then injected into the reservoir. This form of recovery is used extensively to increase oil production in the San Joaquin Valley, which has very heavy oil, yet accounts for 10% of the United States' oil production. In-situ burning is another form of TEOR, but instead of steam, some of the oil is burned to heat the surrounding oil. Occasionally, detergents are also used to decrease oil viscosity. Tertiary recovery allows another 5% to 15% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered.
    crude oil refining is subjected to fractional distillation as petroleum has many fractions of layer in it.the fraction having the least density is seperated first and those having the maximum density are seperated at the last. as gases have low density,they are seperated first and then liquids and then solids. thank you
  • dermatologist
  • Winter minimum temperature and summer maximum temperaturein Alberta, Canada province around oil refining areas

    Temperatures are generally higher in southern than northern Alberta because the south receives more solar radiation. In July, the average daily temperature ranges from warmer than 18掳C in the south to cooler than 13掳C in the Rocky Mountains and the north. In January, the average daily temperature ranges from cooler than -24掳C in the far north to warmer than -10掳C in the south and the mountains. The warming effect of the chinook winds near the mountains produces a west to east trend in winter temperatures. The range of average temperatures across the province in winter is greater than in summer because of the reduced heating from the sun at northern latitudes.





    Arctic air masses in the winter produce extreme minimum temperatures varying from cooler than -54掳C in northern Alberta to warmer than -46掳C in southern Alberta. In the summer, continental air masses produce maximum temperatures from 32掳C in the mountains to warmer than 40掳C in southern Alberta. These air masses can move quickly in the spring and fall resulting in rapid seasonal changes.Winter minimum temperature and summer maximum temperaturein Alberta, Canada province around oil refining areas
    It depends on where you are in Alberta. I live in central Alberta, although most ppl think Edmonton is the center of Alberta, it's not! ( Look at a map, ppl) Where I live on top of a huge hill the temp can be lower than if you drive to the bottom of the hill. I do live in an oil town (which is in the middle of nowhere) and oil is what I work at for a living. Oil towns aren't great, but the money is great!Winter minimum temperature and summer maximum temperaturein Alberta, Canada province around oil refining areas
    .








    Damn Cold and Bloody Hot is the best description I can think of.








    Thouughtfuls








    .-30-








    .
    I live in central Alberta, and I've seen it get to about 40 degrees in the summer. In the winter I've seen it go down to -50 degrees (with wind chill). Sooo... we're a pretty extreme province weather-wise.

    What is the process of refining crude oil to gasoline?

    Fractional Distillation. Its heated at different temperatures and depending on what temperature its heated at it creates different fuels, tar, kerosine, gasoline etc.What is the process of refining crude oil to gasoline?
    Gasoline present in crude oil has low octane and can have high sulfur content. To get commercial gasoline at the required octane number you need other processes like fluid catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, alkylation, isomerization, and the sulfur content is met by hydrotreating and blending





    Check the following:


    http://www.uop.com/refining/1010.htmlWhat is the process of refining crude oil to gasoline?
    Its done through fractional distillation, crude oil is heated. The components that have lower boiling point will boil off. The vapor will be condensed and then collected. That process takes takes advantage that crude oil is a mixture of different components with different boiling points.

    Crude Palm Oil Steam Refining Process?

    I got a few questions regrading this process





    1. When the heavy metals are removed?


    2. How the heavy metals are removed?


    3. Why called pre bleaching?


    4. When is the real bleaching?


    5. What is the composition of palm fatty acid distillate?





    Please help meCrude Palm Oil Steam Refining Process?
    have you done a preliminary internet search? There are a lot of good resources available. This source has a lot of detail and addresses most of your questions. http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jitkangl/鈥?/a>





    I have to imagine it is faster and less work to do the search yourself rather than ask for such general info and hope for an answer. For this reason, I am concerned about the upcoming generation and not terribly concerned about ';western'; cultures and nations losing anything to developing nations in the next generation.

    Who are the top 4 oil/gas refining/distributing companies in Canada?

    Petro Canada, Imperial Oil, Shell, Sunoco.

    What is the average cost of refining 1ltr of oil, for big oil companies (in US dollars)?

    dunno about cost (it will probably depend on how much of each fuel type you want to get out of it), but I know that oil firms make like $0.20-30 in profits on each gallon they sell.What is the average cost of refining 1ltr of oil, for big oil companies (in US dollars)?
    Let me begin by saying I don't know. However, something to consider is that the cost will likely vary from company to company as each has their own way of allocating costs, and depending on size and fixed costs, they all will likely be in a similar ballpark. I'm not sure there will be one set number.

    Liberals: Are you willing to support domestic oil production and refining, and the building of Nuclear Plants.

    to ease our dependency on foreign oil?Liberals: Are you willing to support domestic oil production and refining, and the building of Nuclear Plants.
    Domestic oil production is fine, but let us leave ANWAR out of the conversation as there is not enough oil there to offset the environmental impact. It seems to me that alternatives need to be researched, but with the Bush Administration slash and burn policies on funding university research, that endeavor is going slowly.





    If it is worthwhile to the BIG OIL companies to build new refineries with their massive profits, then let them build new refineries that meet the environmental requirements.





    I also think that nuclear plants are an option, but there has to be safeguards in developing nuclear energy. Chernobyl demonstrated the danger . . . and near any populated area, that is a challenge that must be met.





    Our dependency on foreign oil could be lessened with alternatives. Ethanol isn't one of them. There are coal derivatives available and the mileage available in the VW diesel engines are a couple of measures that could lead the way.Liberals: Are you willing to support domestic oil production and refining, and the building of Nuclear Plants.
    The only way nuclear power will substantially affect our oil usage is if we start driving electric cars, since the overwhelming majority of the oil we use is in the form of gasoline.





    But I do support well-regulated and unsubsidized nuclear power.





    As for domestic drilling... I'm fine with environmentally responsible drilling, but let's be clear: we simply do not have sufficient domestic oil reserves (of light sweet crude) to supply our current needs, no matter where we drill.
    I'm not a liberal but just for the purpose of spreading information it should be known that the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is estimated to have over 50 billion drums of oil, enough to end the US's dependency on foreign oil for 30 year, plenty of time to develop new fuels. If we opened just this one area for drilling, it would save the economy and end our dependency on $133 a drum oil.
    Only for a while. We need to move toward better energy sources. ANWAR only holds enough fuel to power the country for about 6 months, and nuclear reactors while better than coal powered plants require massive amounts of water to cool them down, thus heating the water.


    As a Nevadan too, if you want to build a nuclear power plant stash the waste in your backyard, not in mine. Especially if I do not benefit from the power, Nevada uses the most green energy per capita than any other state.
    Domestic oil production...NO won't help a thing


    refining....its already being done. there is no incentive for refiners to increase supply and lower their own margin. Ironic isn't it? That high gas prices are a product of free market, that cons keep supporting now they want to support tax money going to build refineries just to bring the prices down, something they would claim is socialism if suggested by a liberal. Sounds like the action of fascists don't it?


    Are you cons willing to support fascism just to acquire cheap gas?





    Building of nuclear facilities would be a waste of money to corporations until the new generation of nuclear reactors are ready, so it can produce our next fuel source(hydrogen), and nuclear power.





    Interesting how little people ranting about this subject actually know what is going on.





    Because it isn't liberal and environmentalists, that has caused this problem, but deregulation and consolidation of fuel and energy corporations, that will in the end, always do what is best for their bottom dollar, not everyone else's. Gotta love that unreguated free market aye? Why are you cons crying about it now? It is exactly what you wanted.
    I'm not its time we got off of oil that is the problem by supporting domestic oil production we are just delaying the same scenario that is happening now and Nuclear fission plants are unsafe so says almost every nuclear scientist not connected to a nuke plant. We need a national effort to get on renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal which don't go up in cost, the wind and sun always cost the same.
    when you say ';support domestic oil production and refining';


    are you talking about my tax dollars paying for new drilling and new refinery's ?





    not unless I'm getting some stock options.





    oil business got record profits they can build there own damn wells and refinery's.





    same goes for nuke power they can build all they want but if We are paying for it then We should have no electric bills.





    not sure what this has to do with Liberals since you know we had a republican congress from 1994 through 2006


    and republican president 2000 -- present





    I don't think they want new anything since they seem to be making out just fine the way things are.
    you mean Canada?... because they are the number one foreign supplier to the USA... As for oil production.. It is not the Liberals that are abating or interrupting the refining process.. no no. You need a history lesson, a brief one.


    http://www.consumerfed.org/pdfs/Time_to_鈥?/a>


    as for more drilling in the US.. if we didn't export so much we wouldn't need any foreign oil at all.. bet you didn't know this either? http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0922041.h鈥?/a>


    check that list we're number three in production already.. so why is it we pay so friggin much?.. because it's much more profitable to sell our oil over seas and then buy cheaper oil from Canada, Venezuela, OPEC etc.. although we supply ourselves with about 85% of what we use.. Peak oil is still 50 years off.. so in reality, coupled to the fact that there is more oil stockpiled right now, than at any time in the last 15 years, the Oil companies are posting ridiculous..shameful profits and the consumer has no choice but to pay for it with their shriveling dollar.. all with an Oil man and his energy Lobby crony's at the helm...


    Liberal????.... I'm sorry but you'll have to sell that crap somewhere else.





    oh and ';Nukular' energy as ';W'; calls it.. is also a bad idea, when you figure out a safe way to get rig of the waste it might make sense in the meanwhile it sounds like you are just repeating what you've heard and you don't have a clue of what you are talking about...
    Yes, I support building nuclear power plants. We are getting left in the dust by other countries around the world because haven't built a new nuclear power plant in such a long time.
    No, the liberals are adamantly opposed to nuclear power --- unless it's for Iran, then it's okay.
    When you republican compassionate conservatives promote a Universal Health Care Plan that will enable all Americans to have comprehensive health care.
    Your elected officials;who are our employees;YES! Our employees won't let it happen. Their souls are bought and paid for. It's time we the Bosses;fire all the employees, and take back our company-The United States of America.
    I have to say good question! I for one am... of course I don't answer to the liberal call. *sigh* I shouldn't have answered, bad me!!!
    Sure, as long as it is not in any of our national wildlife preserves.
    no... i want ethanol... no matter how much it wrecks food prices. The atmosphere is more important.
    Absolutely!
    If it is done responsibly, yes.
    YES I WOULD


    BUT IT IS NOT GOING TO HAPPEN PEOPLE IN THE US ARE TO NARROW MINDED
  • dermatologist
  • What difference mean between by Coconut Oil refined and Coconut Oil fined?

    Um I'm not sure... what you mean by ';fined';. Is that meant to be ';unrefined';?





    The refined one has been processed from copra (dried coconut meat), probably subjected to heat, bleaching etc.





    Unrefined coconut oil is not processed in the same manner.


    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut_oil


    http://organic.lovetoknow.com/Unrefined_鈥?/a>


    http://www.tropicaltraditions.com/what_i鈥?/a>





    I use cold pressed centrifuged virgin coconut oil.





    When I was growing up in the islands of PNG we had our own coconut grater and used to freshly grate our own coconuts.


    We used to add a small amount of water to the grated coconut and squeeze the coconut to hand extract the coconut cream from the grated flesh. We'd then sieve the liquid and add it to our cooking. It cant get much fresher than that!





    If we wanted coconut cream, we would pour the squeezed coconut liquid into a container and set it in the fridge and allow the cream to rise to the top.





    If we wanted coconut oil all we had to do was bring the fresh coconut cream to the boil and then let it cool... the coconut oil would separate by itself and form at the top of the container.





    Great thing about coconut is its long shelf life without preservatives!What difference mean between by Coconut Oil refined and Coconut Oil fined?
    well ';re'; means do over so..... but idk

    Friday, December 18, 2009

    Something about oil refining?

    i have always been curious about oil refineries. We all know that distillation towers use temperature differences to separate crude oil into its respective constituents, but where does all that energy come from? does it come from oil itself? In the end, are we just burning oil to refine oil?Something about oil refining?
    Essentially, yes.





    The source of heat needed for all sorts of refinery operations, not just distillation, depends on the process and how the plant is designed.





    Some use electricity, some use natural gas; it's common for leftover waste products from refining to be burned for heat, like process gas or petroleum coke. It's also common to use rejected heat in the form of steam to run other processes.





    But, the bottom line is, refining oil ends up burning yet more fossil fuels.





    There is a term in engineering called ';Energy Returned On Energy Investment';, or EROEI, sometimes called ';EROI';





    EROEI = net energy produced / energy sources consumed





    In practice this is hard to measure or even estimate, if you include all the energy spent on extracting, pre-refining, pumping, shipping, and trucking the finished product to gas stations. It also depends a lot on the quality of the crude oil and the final grade of gasoline....





    I've heard it quoted from anywhere from 20:1 to 2.5:1. I can't find many good sources


    http://i-r-squared.blogspot.com/2008/11/鈥?/a>





    ... In the case of 2.5:1, for example; that means that the energy equivalent of 1 gallon of gasoline must be burned to produce 2.5 gallons of ';juice';, from a total input of 3.5 gallons of crude.





    ~just a few thoughts....Something about oil refining?
    Any heat source can be used in the furnace to distill oil, but I would suspect that the least expensive are used, probably coal or oil.

    What are the production process of oil refining?

    Fractional distillation.

    What brand of bleaching clay is better for crude palm oil refining? Is it tonsil? please specify. thanks?

    no, tonsil is generally not unless you have a very low dosage of clay





    typically, neutral bleaching earhs are better.





    tonsil is acid activated and therefore not too useful at high dosages of clay

    What is fractional ditillation and oil refining?

    It's when crude oil is heated in a pressure vessell. At different tempertures you get different products. The LPG's go to the top and are collect. the next lower level collector is light fuels like gasoline, then the next lower level is Diesel and Jet fuel, next lower is kerosine and at the bottom collector is heavy Fuel Oil. the heavier the product the higher the temperture needed. The last product of the process is pure nasty carbon called ';Coke'; which is used in steel plants for use in making high carbon steel. Every drop of oil has useable product.

    What step in refining crude oil?

    Produces hydrofluoric acid and why is it so toxic?What step in refining crude oil?
    HF acid is not produced in refining, it is used as a catalyst in a reaction process to make a very high quality gasoline component.


    It is toxic because it forms a cloud and gets blown at ground level, and it reacts with calcium. It causes very nasty burns, essentially disolving flesh and bone both.What step in refining crude oil?
    Hydrofluoric acid is used in the alkylation of isobutane to form gasoline components. Hydrofluoric acid is extremely corrosive and steel equipment I believe has to be glass lined.
  • dermatologist
  • An oil refining company buying out other oil refining companies would be an example of?

    a. vertical integration .


    b. a trust


    c. horizontal integration

    Policy over oil refining facilities?

    Are there any policy that require oil companies to improve the amount of oil that is being refined. Lets say they created a facility in the 1950's that hasnt been improved or upgraded since then. Now lets say the number of gas stations since then has tripled increasing the demand while decreasing the supply. Higher demand creates higher costs. If you were one of these companies the last thing you would do is improve facility standards to meet the qouta of demand.





    Lets say these facilities were built in close range to neighborehoods in a time that society lacked zoning laws and these same old run down facilities still exhist today in heavily populated neighborhoods.Policy over oil refining facilities?
    There is no law that requires companies to produce in the US and passing one would probably be unconstitutional. It is assumed that competitive forces will produce the efficient amount of gas.If one company controls most or all the market, antitrust laws can be used to break up the company into smaller units. You questions about neighborhoods don't really fit reality. Oil refineries produce such noxious odors that no residential neighborhoods are near them, which is why no area wants one near by.





    edit: I stand corrected. I have never been to Texas and for all the refineries I have seen my statement was true. Houston is always on the list of cities with low housing prices. Perhaps this is the reason. This is a classic case of externalities , if either the oil company were force to pay the residence for their cost for enduring the oder, or the residence could pay the company to move would be a efficient outcome, and a net welfare gain.Policy over oil refining facilities?
    That would sure suck, wouldnt it?

    Why does refining capacity in the United States affect world crude oil prices?

    I have seen this several times already in media reports. They claim that limited refining capacity is partially to blame for increased (crude) oil prices. I can understand that refining capacity would affect prices at the pump, but how is it that it affects world crude oil prices? It would seem that limited refining capacity that would cause limited supplies at the gas pump which would result in less crude oil being used, thus causing higher crude oil supplies. If other countries do not have as limited a refining capacity, wouldn't it make sense that they would have lower prices at their pumps (all else being equal)?Why does refining capacity in the United States affect world crude oil prices?
    The news services are using ';refinery capacity'; as an answer for rising crude prices. You are correct in your assumption that limited refinery capacity would affect prices at the pump, but not crude prices.





    One of the main causes of the increases in crude prices is basically demand. China and India (which have 1/3 of the world's population) are coming online as major energy consumers. These countries are experiencing booming economies and new wealth and their citizenry are demanding all the goods that the west has enjoyed for so long - and this takes energy, thus crude demand is going up.





    The second major reason (the one the media won't touch) is the falling US dollar. Since 2002, the dollar has fallen some 34% in value against the major world currencies (about 65% against the Euro). As the dollar devalues, crude prices are going to go up.





    Now, people will say ';Hey, crude sales are denominated in dollars, thus there is no foreign exchange and a depreciating dollar is irrelevent';. That's where they make they mistake. Yes, the majority of crude sales are dollar denominated and there is no foreign exchange on the front end, but there is on the back end. Let me give you an example:





    Let's go back in time to 2002 when the EUR/USD exchange rate was 0.84, meaning that 1 Euro was worth $0.84. Now, let's say the U.S. purchases $500 million in crude from Saudi Arabia. Well, the middle east is not an agricultural mecca, they have to import their food - and they import their food from Europe. So, let's say Saudi Arabia buys 500 million Euro in food. With the exchange rate at 0.84, that means that the food would be $420 million - thus Saudi Arabia still has $80 million left. Fast forward to today with the exchange rate at 1.38. If we bought $500 million in crude from Saudi Arabia and then they turn around and buy 500 million Euro in food, that works out to $690 million. Thus as the Dollar is losing value, oil exporting countries have to raise their rates to compensate for the declining dollar as they exchange dollars for Euro's, Pounds, etc., for their purchases.





    The one poster that said the Canada is our primary source for crude purchases is correct, but the greenback (US Dollar) has fallen 35% against the loonie (Canadian dollar) since 2002. As Canada will have to convert their USD reserves to whatever currency the country they purchase their imports from, they'll lose money, thus they'd have to raise the rates of their crude oil sales.





    One thing you must remember, the media is going to give you some reason for the price rise, but not the truth. The gov't and media don't want you to know about how badly the dollar is depreciating. You are one of the few people using your noodle.Why does refining capacity in the United States affect world crude oil prices?
    Any explanation that leaves out OPEC price fixing and MiddleEast OIL politics is incomplete and inadequate! Report Abuse

    might the job is risky %26amp; expensive
    United States companies own most of the refineries. US is the major market for crude oil. Even the Saudi's don't own a refinery.
    This is not an easy question to answer and I will have to rely on some statistics that are a few years old to explain some of the reasons. Though these are a few years old, the relative standards remain the same and they relate to the oil consumptions of the top 20 purchasers of oil:





    United States: 19.993 (4 times more than the 2nd largest consumer)


    Japan: 5.423


    China: 4.854


    Germany: 2.814


    Russia: 2.531


    South Korea: 2.126


    Brazil: 2.123


    Canada: 2.048


    France: 2.040


    India: 2.011


    Mexico: 1.932


    Italy: 1.881


    United Kingdom: 1.699


    Spain: 1.465


    SaudiArabia: 1.415


    Iran: 1.109


    Indonesia: 1.063


    Netherlands: .881


    Australia: .879


    Taiwan: .846





    First 20 Countries: 59.134


    Rest of the World: 16.854


    World: 75.988 (now closer to 82,000)


    World Annual: 28,460





    As the above figures demonstrate, the USA consumption is almost equal to the next 5. When the USA scales down their purchasing because of maintenance programs which temporarily shut down refineries, such as before and after winters or for other reasons, this has a dramatic effect on the oil producing nations which now will artificially make up the difference by boosting the price until the USA comes back on line.





    The standards %26amp; pricing are set by OPEC Nations.which are:





    Member countries of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries).





    Algeria


    Indonesia


    Iran


    Iraq


    Kuwait


    Libya


    Nigeria


    Qatar


    Saudi Arabia


    United Arab Emirates


    Venezuela





    What few people in the USA realize is that our #1 supplier of crude oil is Canada followed by Saudi Arabia. Canada's oil helps to keep the OPEC countries from really cleaning our clocks.........





    The following exhibits in pictorial form where we now stand and the direction in which we are headed as respects use of oil:





    http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/images/f鈥?/a>





    Thus the ebb and flow of supply %26amp; demand is influenced very quickly on the world market whenever we decrease our capacity to receive oil because of cutbacks on refining capacities.





    Oil: a 400,000 barrel per day (b/d) fall in OECD oil consumption, the biggest decline from that grouping for more than 20 years, underlines the impact of rising oil prices. Prices peaked at more than $78 a barrel in August as the average price of dated Brent increased by nearly one fifth to $65.14 a barrel in 2006. The OECD fall was the main factor behind the weakest global growth rate for oil since 2001, at 0.7 per cent or half the average for the past decade.





    Overall global production was up some 0.4 per cent to 81.7 million b/d. Faced with weak demand, Opec cut production late in 2006 for the first time in nearly two years. For the year as a whole, Opec increased its production by an average 130,000 b/d to 34.2 million b/d.





    Political considerations within the USA effecting conservation have dramatically had an impact on developing new refineries which are increasingly unpopular.





    I do not interject any concepts of oil company conspiracies against the public as some may wish to believe, including some of our politicians who are inherently anti-corporate. These trends have been around for many years, long before George Bush and Dick Cheney, they were prevalent during the Carter Administration and his successor, Ronald Reagan.





    I hope this sheds some light on the subject.
    Simply the oil companies have banded together ( im guessing ) and they decided to milk the people for everything they got. They used Katrina as the perfect chance to raise by $1 - $2 per. gallon for a bit.





    We have plenty of supply but its moreover of them shipping it out to us and everyone else, the refining is fine. In fast the only most ';refined'; is California due to all the additives ours costs more because it gives us more mileage and its better for the engines.

    Do you know about oil refining technique.陌s tehere any body there?

    Hello!!! I am working in a factory of oil and margarin industry so I am new in these area and 谋 am looking forward to share information.Moreover 谋 founded a group in yahoo to incorporate about it.Do you know about oil refining technique.陌s tehere any body there?
    This is the diet and fitness forum. May be try the science or technology forums?

    Hello! What is MS and HSD (full form) related to oil refining?

    Ihv read that after refining oil we get many product like LPG, petroleum, MS ,HSD.


    what is the full form of MS and HSD????Hello! What is MS and HSD (full form) related to oil refining?
    HSD - High Speed Diesel. Lubrication oil used in high speed diesel engines, like those used for emergency diesel fire pumps, lifeboat engines, diesel driven air-compressors and emergency alternators





    MS - Motor Spirit. An alternative (British) name for gasoline.

    Mexican Govt. is proposing an Energy Referendum which includes refining their own oil instead of sending it to

    the U.S. With all the talk about us not having enough refineries, will this move help the energy problems in the U.S. or add to them? I don't think people realize how much of U.S. refinery time is spent on foreign customers.Mexican Govt. is proposing an Energy Referendum which includes refining their own oil instead of sending it to
    Mexico is a worthless government. This won't happen at a profit to the mexican people, obv.Mexican Govt. is proposing an Energy Referendum which includes refining their own oil instead of sending it to
    Mexico can do what they want with their oil.
  • dermatologist
  • Why do oil refining margins go up when hurricanes hit the U.S.?

    There are no refineries in Florida or anywhere right along the coast. So why does it happen?Why do oil refining margins go up when hurricanes hit the U.S.?
    There are oil refineries in Louisiana and Texas coast, both of which are in the potential path of hurricanes.

    Why are the Oil companies creating the impression that refining capacity is what is driving up the gas prices?

    Why is the government not doing anything to bring down the price of Gas? Is the government in aliance with the oil companies to creat fake crisis to jestify the high prices that we re paying? Who is really getting rich while the rest of us are working extra to pay for the gas? Is the President resposible for helping his oil company friends to get RICHER? IWhy are the Oil companies creating the impression that refining capacity is what is driving up the gas prices?
    Possibly because that's a large part of the problem?





    Just what is it you think the government is doing to be ';in alliance with the oil companies'; on this? Do you want the government to slap on price controls? Were you driving in the 70's, when people lined up for gas for hours, and you had a hard time getting gas at all for awhile, and wondered if you'd even be able to get to work where public transportation wasn't available? Or are you too young to remember that?





    I have a hard time blaming the oil companies when I see all the SUV's and large pickup trucks driving around, and I don't feel too sorry for the person who says they spent over $75 filling up their tank - my Honda's tank, dead empty, doesn't approach that, and I can probably drive farther than the SUV on a full tank.





    Good grief, don't you conspiracy theorists ever get tired?





    (Geez, I guess my chance for best answer on this one isn't real good...oh well, not my goal).Why are the Oil companies creating the impression that refining capacity is what is driving up the gas prices?
    Price is a function of supply and demand and has nothing to do with the government. When capacity (supply) is slow because of plant problems, price rises. It is actually that simple.





    Not trying to be rude, but you should review economics and government...I think you are implying that the President has more control over things than he does. He doesn't create laws, prices, or anything else.
    Because we still believe in the song and dance from this government. Brazil has been using E85 and Ethanol for almost 60% of their drivers for several years now, and they are still considered a third world country. Please think about all the corn fields in the mid west.
    Actually the Governments are doing a lot of things to bring down the price of gas.





    For example:


    Presidents, Secretaries and other important Government Employees will sell their 2007 Lexus that runs on gasoline and buy a new 2008 Lexus that runs on gasoline AND electricity.





    You don't have to buy gasoline.





    You can buy a used Honda Insight or a used Toyota Prius.


    You can also buy a 1998 (Or newer) Volkswagen Jetta with a diesel engine and never buy another galon of gasoline.





    You can find a Biodiesel Station in most cities.





    The demand for gasoline is rising and that will drive the price of gasoline to $8.00 USD per galon in a few years.





    If enough people buy Diesel cars then the demand for gasoline will drop and that will drive the price of gasoline to $2.00 USD per galon in a few years.





    It's just Simple Math.





    If you live in a small town and there is not a car for sale with a diesel engine I will sell you one on Ebay and one of my employees will drive it all the way to your town.





    Only you can reduce the price of gasoline.
    The biggest problem with your question is the simple belief that the government ';should'; do something about gas prices. While I don't pretend to understand the reason for disdain for the president I can certainly correlate it with serveral other ideas that you may also hold dear.





    You likely believe that the war in Iraq is just about oil.





    You likely believe that health care should be nationalized.





    You likely believe that someone in government is responsible for the reduction or outsourcing of your unionized job.





    You likely believe that the rich have always been rich and inheritated thier money from thier rich parents, who definitely exploited someone to get all thier money.





    All that being said, the ';solution'; to gas prices is not government action. It is the action of markets. Given a chance to work, the market will decrease demand for transportation once the marginal cost (price of gas) outpaces consumers marginal utility for transportation. So, we can generally see that if you or I suddenly think to ourselves, ';hmm... this darn gas is awful expensive and I might be able to catch a ride with someone else today'; or ';hey maybe I'll trade in my old 94 suburban for a new flex-fuel minivan';... (decreasing consumption or switching to a competing good) maybe, just maybe, the price of unleaded will head back down, due to a decrease in demand... kinda like when Pepsi Clear went on clearance b/c it was a dumb idea, but at a lower price... it isn't such a dumb idea anymore.





    So... my suggestion to you, is not to blame the government for your problems. It is to take a little personal responsibility, quit driving so much, buy a more fuel efficient car and encourage others to do the same. Then let economics do the rest.
    BECAUSE WE LET THEM!!
    Actually the major problem is that many communities do not want a refinery in their back yard. The tree huggers and their liberal Democratic allies do not want anything that could possibly hurt that toad that only lives in that one creek right beside where they want to build that new refinery....


    So if you want to blame anyone, blame the tree huggers and the Democrats. Can't build refineries and can't build new power plants....





    And actually, Gasoline prices are just about approaching where they should be according to inflation. Also, a gallon of gas costs a lot less than a gallon of Coca-Cola.





    No one likes high gas prices, but the President has nothing to do with the price of gas. And the last damn thing we need is more government control of our lives.
    I have said over and over again we are being brained-washed by the powers to be-GREED GREED GREED. The working class keep working harder and the essentials things of life keep rising.

    Process of Oil Refining (manufacturing - secondary industry) ?

    Please can someone plz tell me how oil refining is done !!Process of Oil Refining (manufacturing - secondary industry) ?
    Go to the encyclopedia and you will have a full description of oil processing from drilling to the final product from the cracking tower.

    Is oil refining considered an ';upstream'; activity or ';downstream';?

    Downstream, I guess, because your converting it from raw materials into consumer materials, so it's downstream in terms of the supply chain.Is oil refining considered an ';upstream'; activity or ';downstream';?
    Downstream

    Which is the biggest oil refining company on the earth?

    Saudi Aramco, the national oil company of Saudi Arabia is the largest oil corporation in the world and the world's largest in terms of proven crude oil reserves and production.


    Saudi Aramco is responsible for 99 percent of the Kingdom's proven crude oil reserves of 259,200 billion barrels (41.2 109m鲁) -- about a quarter of the world's total. That is more than double the total of Iraq, the country with the world's second largest reserves, and nearly 12 times the reserves of the United States. Recent production has averaged some 8 million barrels (1,300,000 m鲁) per day. That is more than twice the output of the next highest producer and nearly five times greater than the largest U.S. oil company.


    they expect to double the number of it's oil rigs by the end of this year.Which is the biggest oil refining company on the earth?
    Depends on how you define ';biggest';.





    I believe the company that does oil refining and has the largest total asset value is Exxon Mobile.

    Which is the biggest oil refining company on the earth?

    Saudi Aramco, the national oil company of Saudi Arabia is the largest oil corporation in the world and the world's largest in terms of proven crude oil reserves and production.


    Saudi Aramco is responsible for 99 percent of the Kingdom's proven crude oil reserves of 259,200 billion barrels (41.2 109m鲁) -- about a quarter of the world's total. That is more than double the total of Iraq, the country with the world's second largest reserves, and nearly 12 times the reserves of the United States. Recent production has averaged some 8 million barrels (1,300,000 m鲁) per day. That is more than twice the output of the next highest producer and nearly five times greater than the largest U.S. oil company.


    they expect to double the number of it's oil rigs by the end of this year.Which is the biggest oil refining company on the earth?
    Depends on how you define ';biggest';.





    I believe the company that does oil refining and has the largest total asset value is Exxon Mobile.
  • dermatologist
  • Chemicals used in the refining of oil?

    What are some chemicals used in the refining of oil? Please help!Chemicals used in the refining of oil?
    The first step in refining crude oil is fractional distillation, separating the many fractions by differences in boiling points. Many of these products are used without added chemicals. many chemicals are made from these.

    What do people separate the components in crude oil (oil refining)?

    They use a distillation apparatus based on boiling points. The bottom of the apparatus has a heat source, and they feed oil from the bottom. As the component parts rise together in the gaseous phase, some will enter the liquid phase because they have higher boiling points, (as they rise they will start to cool). The apparatus is separated into levels so that when it enters the liquid phase it can empty out through a pipe which will separate oil into its component parts. The process is called Continuous Distillation.





    Here is a (fairly bad) diagram:


    http://www.pafko.com/history/h_contin.gi鈥?/a>





    NOTE: This is how they refine petroleum. I'm assuming oil is the same thing

    How many gallons of actual gasoline comes out of a barrel of oil after all of the refining process?

    That's like asking how many chocolate-chip cookies come from a gallon of milk collected at the dairy.





    Each gallon of crude is split into the components that the market needs. Sometimes it's aviation fuel, home heating oil, deisel, JP4, kerosene or consumer gasoline.How many gallons of actual gasoline comes out of a barrel of oil after all of the refining process?
    Gasoline is by far the most common component of crude oil. I don't have the exact figure, but remember, there are things added in the refining process, so you can't go by original material only.

    Can someone give me a step by step procedure for refining vegetable oil into diesel fuel?

    how difficult is it? Is it cost effective?Can someone give me a step by step procedure for refining vegetable oil into diesel fuel?
    Just pour it in the tank and go.

    What is the coast of refining crude oil ? ?

    How many gallons of gasoline is made from 1 barrel of crude oil ? How much does it cost to make it ?What is the coast of refining crude oil ? ?
    a barrel of crude oil is 42 gallons.





    crude oil is a mishmash of hydrocarbons, from methane which has 1 carbon and is a gas, all the way up to dense, solid ones that have 70 or more carbon atoms. That is why crude oil needs to be refined, to seperate out these molecules into different groups.





    Gasoline is composed of hydrocarbons with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, which are light volatile liquids.





    So, not all of the crude oil ends up as gasoline. I think on average it's just under half.





    So about 20 gallons of gasoline per 42 gallon barrel of crude oil.





    this is fairly useful http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/鈥?/a>





    as for the cost of making it I don't really know. As a guess, I would say that about 60%-70% of the price you pay for a gallon of gas goes towards the cost of producing it. The rest is taxes and profit.


    That's a guess though. Plus it obviously varies a lot because when the price of gasoline doubles in the span of a year the actual cost of producing that gas hasn't changed nearly that much. I would be interested to know how much it actually costs the oil companies to produce a gallon of gas.





    What is the coast of refining crude oil ? ?
    A barrel of crude oil contains 42 gallons of oil per barrel. 42 gallons per barrel makes about 19陆 gallons of gasoline, 9 gallons of fuel oil, 4 gallons of jet fuel, and 11 gallons of other products, including lubricants, kerosene, asphalt, and petrochemical feedstocks to make plastics. That adds up to more than 42 gallons because of something called ';refinery gain'; - the processing and chemical changes increase the volume.





    It is not possible to give the cost to refine a barrel of oil. The price of oil keeps changing daily and the oil companies have to pay different prices each time they buy oil so the refining cost would keep changing depending on this daily price.

    What does the process of refining crude oil into gasoline consist of ?

    It's consist of only continuous, steady-state fractional distillation.


    It's just like a fractional distillation except that the mixture (crude oil) is continuously fed into the distillation tower.
  • dermatologist
  • What would the Republicans do if oil refining and production was included as a utility like water & sewage?

    But I love walking around without a clue as to why things happen the way they do. I'm slowly becoming numb to the ability of the petroleum industry at holding us hostage, and the government letting them get away with it. I think someone needs to invest in some new refineries somewhere, perhaps Crawford, TX?What would the Republicans do if oil refining and production was included as a utility like water %26amp; sewage?
    It's the Stockholm syndrome, you know where you actually feel sorry for your captors. Report Abuse
    What would the Republicans do if oil refining and production was included as a utility like water %26amp; sewage?
    we would get the oil we paid for.





    would it be okay if i passed on accepting the oil? I'll pay for it, i just don't want it. don't you know we are filthy rich already?
    You make a strong point that these two double talkers above me couldn't talk their way out of. Now I have read numerous questions and answers from you, and I'm sure that isn't what you were thinking was it? I could honestly say that if Gasoline was rated as a utility same as Natural Gas is already there wouldn't be any argument or war in Iraq right now. The Republicans couldn't use this for a wedge between the rich and poor like they are so good at implementing. I moved from Indianapolis to Canada to save my retirement from General Motors last year when the Allison Truck and Bus plant closed down. The top answerer has absolutely no idea about Unions and where the investments go, most went to the hospitals the Union Workers used and built in their communities. Now there is nobody to go to those Hospitals and be patients with the loss of the Unions. The Republicans did this to themselves.
    I love jingoism. You must believe that the Republicans control all business and energy. This country has been Democratic for most of its existance and we get Republican Presidents only when the Dem Party gets ultra flaky as in the last two decades. We went to war in Iraq with a Democratic majority in the Congress voting to do it. Labor unions and pensions are all tied into the stock markets and that rest solidly on oil profits. You do not have to be a Republican to buy oil stocks and make money from oil, in fact, many of the liberal elite (rich people who makes decisions about social justice that they do not have to pay for) are wealthy because of the oil profits. People who see every issue as Rep/Dem or lib/conservative are political cultists who thank God X each other at the polls. Thats both right and left.
    I'm sure they'd manage to screw that up like every thing else they have control over. You ought to have known that.

    Should Obama put more effort into refining oil, instead of refining political positions?

    ...CHG...Should Obama put more effort into refining oil, instead of refining political positions?
    Hopefully Mccain will win and we won't have to put up with more of Carter and Clinton's silly ';ideas';.Obama is owned by the radical environmentalists and will never drill of change the restrictive environmental laws that are keeping the U.S. down.I keep hearing this nonsense about ten years. Their ';idea'; is since it will take that long we shouldn't drill at all. They are not thinking about the future.If we don't drill NOW fuel will cost a great deal more in the near future.10.00 a gal sound good?More?Should Obama put more effort into refining oil, instead of refining political positions?
    Yes. What's interesting to me is that Obama will tout all these positions (and then change them), but McCain will take a position and then at least try to make it happen now, as a Senator. Like the gas tax holiday - he not only proposed it to the voters, he submitted it to Congress. It may have failed, but at least he stood behind his words with actions, and that's the difference in the two to me. McCain has a long record of effecting change - at least TRYING to effect change, while Obama just puts ideas ';on the table'; and lets them sit there.
    Sure, but Obama doesn't care about you, me, or anyone else right now. All he cares about is getting elected. And of course he's pandering to the tree-huggers, so he won't be doing anything for refining capacity.





    With the current restrictions, fines, and pending tax increases on ';big oil'; and refiners in America, there won't be any new refineries here.
    there's no need to put effort into refining oil... this is a free market, corporations will refine it on their own to alleviate the current cost, or to profit from it.





    btw, alternative fuel (especially corn %26amp; nuclear energy) is not good... it actually cost more than oil... so wth in the first place would ppl do that? stupidity is contagious i guess.





    i like solar/wind energies... if there's a car that can suck in wind and convert it into energy, it would b awesome. it will reduce the oil usage.
    If we start a new refinery, then it's going to take 10 years to make (not even immediate relief from prices) take out our tax money even more (for construction) and when it does get built, it won't reduce anything, because it can't supply anything, and doesn't reduce our addiction to oil...
    Yes, there is more and more pressure being put on the dems in congress to do something. Not lifting this ban does not get us closer to alternative fuels, it gets us closer to an economic disaster.
    No, we shouldn't really be looking into oil. We should be looking into alternative fuel technologies.
    Just wait...in another month he'll be all for drilling and nuclear power...AND say he's always said that he was.
    Oh, I get it....searching for more oil will, in some crazy way, help reduce our addiction to it

    If just six firms control over 90% of a state's oil refining capacity is this an example of an oligopoly?

    Usually when you look at market poer for monomopoly and oligopoly you do the relabant market and concentration ratio of the top 4 or 8.





    So the big question is more about the relavant market. Six firms with 90% sounds bad but if you can buy from the next state then it could be no big deal.





    For example in Chicago one of the big refineries that supply the area is in Whiting Indiana....different state.If just six firms control over 90% of a state's oil refining capacity is this an example of an oligopoly?
    To be an oligopoly the *market* (not the state) must be dominated by a small number of companies and generally the term only applies if the companies act in concert (collusion). Does this state import comparable refined oil products from other states ? Is there any fee or tariff for importing from other states ? Is the cost of product transport so high that import is impractical ?





    Frankly I'm surprised that there are even 6 refiners in one state. How many refiners operate in the nation ? Is there any *real* evidence that they act in concert (illegal in the US) ? In the US there can be no interstate tariff. I seriously doubt you could call this an oligopoly.





    For an example of an oligopoly .. consider the cell phone service companies. There are only a few and they control the market (no alternatives). They all have surprisingly similar cost structures. *IF* they acted in concert to create this cost structure we could consider them an oligopoly.If just six firms control over 90% of a state's oil refining capacity is this an example of an oligopoly?
    Yes but what would 100 firms do for efficiency? How much does a refinery cost? Is a small refinery as efficient as a large one? How good are economists at evaluating technology?

    How can our company sponsor a huge oil & gas refining company in Kuwait ?

    Rephrase

    Why do people Seperate the components in crude oil (oil refining)?

    Because you have to. You can't burn crude in an engine. Crude is a mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons. When it is refined these different hydrocarbons are separated into gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc....


    These different components have different flash points and they have to be separated to serve in their desired purpose.

    How did John D. Rockefeller gain a monopoly in the oil refining industry?

    He was able to price his product so low that competitors couldn't compete. They would then go out of business and/or sell to JDR. Then JDR would jack his prices back up.





    JDR also got control in the railroads so that you couldn't afford the transportation cost, where as JDR was getting a discount. JDR used lots of leverage in gaining his monopoly over oil. Tactics today would be criminal and stopped dead with lawsuits. But back in the golden era of American Business, the government didn't regulate anything and business ran wild.
  • dermatologist
  • Is gas a bi-product in oil refining?I seem to recall being told that & without cars to burn it would be waste.

    Since I can remember I've been told that without engines to burn gasoline we would't know what to do with itIs gas a bi-product in oil refining?I seem to recall being told that %26amp; without cars to burn it would be waste.
    Yes I believe you are correct actually I think the story is this. In the old days before they knew how to ';CRACK'; petroleum thet mostly processed it for the kerosene and gasoline was a waste by-product that they actually used to dump into our rivers and where-ever else it ended up.Is gas a bi-product in oil refining?I seem to recall being told that %26amp; without cars to burn it would be waste.
    The whole point of refining oil is to get the various petrochemicals out of it. So in refining oil, you get out gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc. etc. It isn't a byproduct, it's an end product.





    Without vehicles to burn the fuel, there would be little point in refining oil, period.
    Technically everything is a bi-product of oil refining. But I think what your thinking of is that diesel is a bi-product of gas.
    gas is for engines but oil is used for plastic,,,drugs,all knids of manufactering....its in lipstick and 1000 other things...

    How has the seperating system for oil refining changed over time?

    Try this - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refiner鈥?/a>

    What is the process of refining oil?

    and when you take '; crude'; oil from the ground what kinds of impurities are inside of it and how is the refining process any different when refining the used oil which is recycled after use?





    why and how so?





    is it simply just burning the impurities out each time?





    and for anyone who would like to guess.......do you think that oil can be found in most places on earth? or which climates, areas is it more likely to be found?





    why or why not?





    thanks for your answers!What is the process of refining oil?
    I hope you're ready for this.


    The following explanation is very basic as the Industry is very involved.





    *...Crude oil contains many hundreds of different Hydrocarbon Compounds and some unwanted material like Water, CO2 and Sulphur compounds which are removed before and during processing..


    *...The Refining of Crude Oil is carried out by a process called 'Fractional Distillation'. (Other process on the products are required to produce thousands of other products like, Gasolines, Diesels, Jet Fuels, Heating Oils, Lube Oils, Light and Heavy Fuels and Tar (Bitumen).


    *...The Crude Oil is heated to a high temperature and passed into a Distillation tower where it partially vaporises.


    *...The lighter components, as gases, rise up the tower through a series of Separator Trays where they cool and condense at different levels in the tower.


    *...The heavier, hot liquid fractions pass down the tower also passing over trays and the heavier Tars fall to the bottom.


    *...The bottom liquid is reheated by a reboiler to drive off any light components leaving the Bitumen to be taken away to storage.


    *...The lighter, rising vapours pass up the tower, exhanging heat with the downflowing liquids and again, separation takes place on the trays of mixtures of compounds of different boiling ranges forming the Heavy Fuels, and higher up, the lighter fuels, and still higher to the lube oils, as they cool and condense on the trays at different, lower temperatures as they rise up the tower.


    *...The top of the tower is where the coolest and lightest fractions are taken off as gases and are mostly condensed to Naphtha which goes on to be processed into Gasolines.


    Naphtha also goes to other companies for processing to produce, Plastics, Man made fibres, Cosmetics, Medicines and many other synthetic products.


    *...The next products down the tower, are the Kerosenes which produce Paraffins and Jet fuels, then Diesel and Heating Oils ..etc.


    *...Below this is the point where the process began (called the 'Flash Zone' where the initial separation of the crude oil took place.


    *...(From bottom to top, the hydrocarbons are forming liquid mixtures of different Boiling Ranges on each tray as they cool and condense. Each tray acts as a single distillation unit giving the degree of separation required. The Temperature and Pressure Profiles and Reflux Rates across the tower from bottom to top are carefully controlled to maintain the required boiling range of each product produced.





    Crude oil and Natural Gas are found in just about all countries in varying quantities even in the Arctic and in the Seas and Oceans..What is the process of refining oil?
    Crude oil is a very complex mixture of various chemicals, but one major component is just plain water.


    Refining oil involves removing the water, and heating the remaining oil so that most of its constituting hydrocarbons evaporate. Then, in what is called a separation tower, the various chemicals are allowed to condense back to their liquid form at various point in the column, where the height is linked with the temperature. The lighter liquids will condense at the top, the heavier fractions at the bottom (and very heavy fractions, like asphalt, may remain at the bottom throughout).





    Refining may also involve additional processes, like catalytic reformation, when some chemical reactions are used to break down heavy hydrocarbons of small economical value to form more of the lighter stuff that is more desirable, like autromotive fuel.








    As to where crude oil is located, it is a rather unequal distribution. Oil formed from the decomposition of plants million of years old at the bottom of shallow marshes. If some place on the planet were never the bottom of a lake, there is little chance that oil would have formed there. Also, to have recoverable oil requires the terrain around to be oil proof, so that the crude oil would not have dispersed away.
    The main goal of refining crude oil is to seperate it into its different components. The is done through fractional distillation - the crude is heated and rises through a tall tower. As it rises it cools, and the heavier components like bitumen liquefy and are collected. As the crude rises and cools further, lighter compenents like gasoline are collected.


    Non-hydrocarbons, notably sulfur are removed in seperate processes.





    2. The distribution of oil is fairly uneven around the world. It depends on the geology of the area.
    Boil it, the different parts of the oil (eg naptha, propane) all have different boiling points so will siphon off at different points. The 'waste' is useally the part with the lowest boiling point so they get rid of the impurities. although some of them can be used - eg bitchumen for tarring roads. Oil can't be found everywhere, only in arreas where plant or animal matter has been decayed and compressed over millions of years.

    Why is there always a chimney thing on fire in oil refining places??

    or at least i presume they are oil refineries, they do something with oil!





    theres always a very hight chimney thats on fire!!! why?Why is there always a chimney thing on fire in oil refining places??
    These are called Flare Stacks.





    In refineries, they burn off excess gasses from pressure relief valves to protect refinery equipment. If the pressure is normal in the system, they are not burning.





    They can also be used to burn off waste gas, but this has been extremely limited in the last few decades due to the pollution. Now days, waste gas is normally stored and sold by highly dilluting it into the natural gas supply.





    ..Why is there always a chimney thing on fire in oil refining places??
    Burning off excess natural gas.
    They burn off the gasses don't they??
    Flares are used to burn off the excess gases from the chemical processes. Oil refineries and chemical plants both have them. If these flares weren't there, we would have large environmental impacts due to the release of hydrocarbons. There are also safety impacts. You wouldn't want large quantities of flammable vapors building up in the area.





    Safety valves are connected to flares but they are not always the only reason a flare is constructed.
    This is where they flare off some of the gas that is separated from the oil. The rest of gas is transported (piped) to another refinery for processing.
    theses are not chimenies


    they are used to burn gases to avoid explosions
    To burn residual gases.
    Yep - burning gasses during the refining process to make petrol, diesel ETC
    Burning off the gasses produced during the refining process. Burning the gasses means they are less pollutant than if just evacuated.
    Oil refineries separate different hydrocarbons from crude oil. At the top, only the small hydrocarbons are being released (eg. methane). These are pollutants, so they burn them in an effort to reduce the amount of pollution.
    Yes your right it is at oil refineries.





    It's to burn off the natural gas released during extraction and refining. - You'll also see them on oil rigs. It reduces the harm done to the environment by those gasses and stops the chances of the place going kablooie!
    burning off excessive and dangerous gasses.it also indicates to a certain extent as to what oil pressure is coming up from below ground

    Has anyone heard this about what the oil companies are doing with the cost of refining oil?

    I heard on the radio today that the reason why fuel prices are a little low right now is because the oil companies are rolling the expense of refining oil for fuel in cars over to the airlines in the jet fuel. I heard that someone from one of the oil companies is going to spill the beans in the next few days. They said that once Airlines start dropping flights you will notice a increase at the pump. Has anyone heard this?Has anyone heard this about what the oil companies are doing with the cost of refining oil?
    they are cutting corners, and it shoes in refinery accidents,Has anyone heard this about what the oil companies are doing with the cost of refining oil?
    Fuel for cars and fuel for planes are two


    very different things. They are refined differently and I don't know the composition of


    Jet fuel but there is probably an extremely


    high octane fuel.


    they are both sold differently on the world


    markets and I doubt that the oil companies


    could manipulate the market to change the


    price from one to the other. Also, there would be no benefit to do so.


    P.S. Airlines have already been dropping flights a lot for the past few months.
    I have not heard anything about this. Can you provide a link to such information.
    no

    W/ Hurricane Rita we learned the US has a shortage of oil refining capacity; in the 3 years since the oil?

    industry has experienced record profits. Have they invested ~any~ of those profits into building more refineries, or is our refining capacity the same now as it was then?W/ Hurricane Rita we learned the US has a shortage of oil refining capacity; in the 3 years since the oil?
    No; Congress is still divided and the ultra rich environmental lobby still controls the Democratic Party preventing California, Oregon, and Washington from building any where they can be best utilized. Capacity has shrunk since modernizing is also prohibited.
  • dermatologist
  • What puiblic companies can I invest in that are in the field of refining oil from the oil sands in Alberta?

    It seems like there is an abundance of oil that is ';stuck'; in the sand in Alberta, Canada. I think that this might be a good area of potential investment, in regards to companies that extract the oil, I would appreciate some guidance is anyone has more knowledge about this.What puiblic companies can I invest in that are in the field of refining oil from the oil sands in Alberta?
    Suncor Energy - SU (NYSE)What puiblic companies can I invest in that are in the field of refining oil from the oil sands in Alberta?
    compton petroleum


    NYSE ticker CMZ last 11.06











    http://www.comptonpetroleum.com/

    What and why are the reasons for oil companies deciding to base oil refining remote from areas of production?.

    Crude oil is refined into many petroleum products so refineries at production areas need a complex and expensive distribution system to get these products to the end users. Transporting crude oil, by pipeline or supertanker, from production regions to refineries in more convenient locations is far cheaper.





    The working life of a refinery is usually greater than the reserves of oil in any one production area so it doesn't often make sense to site the refinery at the well head, and there are also other reasons, such as geographical convenience, maintenance convenience, and political clout, which lead refineries to be sited where they are.What and why are the reasons for oil companies deciding to base oil refining remote from areas of production?.
    To centralize the operation. This has 2 benefits. Bring in oil from several locations (i.e. off-shore and inland) in order to have a central shipping hub of operations. Also, you cut down on having to build multiple facilities, which lowers cost.

    What should be the sentence for price fixing by reducing oil refining capacity to create artificial shortages?

    Does trying to hide record profits further down the supply chain fool anyone?What should be the sentence for price fixing by reducing oil refining capacity to create artificial shortages?
    Now, that's immoral.





    There are laws against price fixing. Do they cover this?





    I think jail time plus a fine of extra profits made plus 100%.





    Overtaxing Oil Companies - disincentives. They are making world record profits and they still lobby for and get tax payer subsidies. Talk about corporate welfare!





    If big oil doesn't want to drill, so be it. But somebody will.What should be the sentence for price fixing by reducing oil refining capacity to create artificial shortages?
    It should carry the maximum, whatever it is, this is affecting everyone on all levels.





    You should read this report that came by way of the automotive as well as the business sectors...








    This was from today in fact and should help in part to explain what is really happening...








    AIADA (American International Automobile Dealers Association)


    May 14, 2008





    AIADA's FirstUp: The (Real) Reason Behind High Oil Prices





    The (Real) Reason Behind High Oil Prices


    On May 13, the price of a barrel of oil briefly hit a record of $126.98 on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The reason was ostensibly that Iran was cutting oil production. But there is no gas shortage. In fact, in the U.S., stockpiles of oil climbed by 11.9 million barrels in April; they were up by nearly 33 million barrels since Jan. 1. At the same time, MasterCard's May 7 gasoline report showed that gas demand has fallen by 5.8%. So why are prices still going up? Ed Wallace, writing in BusinessWeek, says prices are rising due to an unregulated commodities markets and greed. Commodities have often been the refuge for investors who have lost money on equities or fixed-income investments. If not restrained, they can drive up the price of goods that we can't get out of buying. In the press we are bombarded daily with justifications for the high price of oil, such as strife in the Nigerian oil patch. However, the Senate took a dim view of those excuses, saying that manipulative hedge fund managers are ';making bold predictions of shocking price advancements to come'; and adding ';more fuel to the bullish fire in a sort of self-fulfilling prophecy.';
    They haven't reduced refining capacity, they have just refused to build a refinery since the early 70s.





    But yes this is an intentionally placed bottleneck that pinches supply to a trickle that sends prices thru the roof with the help of high crude prices.





    Cut all the corporate welfare going to the oil companies until they decide to increase production to meet demand.
    American refineries are at capacity. International demand is putting a genuine strain on capacity. So I'd like to see where you came up with this 'artificial shortage'.





    Oil companies make 8 cents off every gallon which is a lower profit margin than just about any industry you'd care to name. Congress makes 20 cents and yet you're not upset about that.
    I find it hard to believe that oil companies wouldn't be drilling like crazy and trying to expand their production capacity to the hilt right now. At $100+ a barrel, I know I would. Speculation and high global demand is what's causing the price to rise.
    The corporations hide nothing. They release P %26amp; L statements quarterly. It is the commodity traders and speculators on Wall Street, Europe and Toyko who are driving up the ppb. SPeculators are continuing to try to hedge aainst a weak US Dollar so don't look for prices to come down anytime soon.
    You mean by enacting ';feel good'; regulations that allow 15 levels of bureaucrats to get paid for administering meaningless, yet economically strangling policies under the guise of being eco friendly....?





    You mean by over-taxing and de-incentivizing petroleum technology and reasearch to stifle advancement....?





    You mean by prohibiting use of our own abundant resources in return for large payouts from foreign interests.....?





    I think they should all be voted out of office and replaced by people looking out for the best interests of American citizens...
    I'd say a few years in prison and being banned from ever working in that field again. However, there are too many people in our government who would be able to get those people out of prison. No one is fooled by the hiding of record profits, they just don't care to prosecute anyone.
    Unfortunately, it fools lots of people (just read some of the responses to your questions). The fine should be criminal action against the controlling officers and fines (don't disguise it as taxes) for the company doing the price fixing.
    Oh lets see, now its the oil companies fault for not wanting to drill and build new plants is it???





    How quickly we forget the past.
    It is a crime on humanity and should be dealt with accordingly!
    A minimum of5 years in jail, and a $1 million dollar fine for the first offense